The Crusades: War in the Holy Land.ByThe Crusades was a dark time in the history of Europe, a two-hundred year long period of constant battle and war. Yet even such a desolate time wasnot without its benefits. Political, scientific, and military advances were made in great jumps. But it is no great exaggeration when it is said, that theCrusades killed more people than World War 2.The immediate cause of the crusades was Alexius I's, the pope of Byzantine, appeal to Pope Urban II, the pope of Rome, for mercenaries to help himresist Muslim advances into territory of the Byzantine Empire. Earlier in 1071, at the Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire had been defeated,and this defeat led to the loss of all but the coastlands of Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Although the East-West Schism was already beginning to brewbetween the Catholic Western church and the Eastern Orthodox Church, Alexius I hoped for a positive response. However, the response was muchlarger, and less helpful, than he had desired. The Pope had called for a large invasion force to not merely defend the Byzantine Empire, but also toretake Jerusalem, but he received a crowd of unorganized, but rash and hot-heated civilians, intent on winning fame and glory in the holy land.Later that year, at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II again called upon all Christians to join a war against the Turks, promising those who died inthe endeavor immediate remission of their sins. This encouraged all kinds of men and even women in disguise to join the army. The crusader armiesmanaged to defeat two substantial Turkish forces at Dorylaeum and at Antioch, finally marching to Jerusalem with only a fraction of their originalforces. Check out the achievements you can earn in Total War: THREE KINGDOMS! The Amethyst Update. Check out all the latest tweaks, fixes, and balance changes present. In 1099, they took Jerusalem by assault and massacred the population. As a result of the First Crusade, several small Crusader states werecreated, notably the Kingdom of Jerusalem. But the Turkish Empire had only been splintered, not destroyed.After a period of relative peace in which Christians and Muslims co-existed in the Holy Land, the natives - under the new leader of Saladin, theSultan of Egypt - suddenly broke the truce and captured the town of Edessa. A new crusade was called for by various preachers and officials, whoserequests were met in the form of French and German armies, under the Kings Louis VII and Conrad III respectively, marching to Jerusalem in 1147.However, they failed to accomplish any major successes, and indeed endangered the survival of the Crusader states with a strategically foolish attackon Damascus. By 1150, both leaders had returned to their countries without any result.In 1187, Saladin, continued his counterattack and recaptured Jerusalem. Pope Gregory VIII called for yet another crusade, which was led byseveral of Europe's most important leaders: Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick drowned in Ciliciain 1190, leaving an unstable alliance between the English and the French. Philip left in 1191, after the Crusaders had recaptured Acre from theMuslims. The crusader army headed down the coast of the Mediterranean Sea. They defeated the Muslims near Arsuf and were in sight of Jerusalem.However, the inability of the crusaders to thrive in the locale because of inadequate food and water resulted in an empty victory.
Richard left thefollowing year after establishing a truce with Saladin.On Richard's way home, his ship was wrecked and he ended up in Austria, where his enemy, DukeLeopold, captured him. The Duke delivered Richard to Emperor Henry VI, who held the King for ransom. By 1197, Henry felt ready for a crusade, buthe died in the same year of malaria. Richard I died during fighting in Europe and never returned to the Holy Land. The Third Crusade is sometimesreferred to as the Kings' Crusade and is certainly the most famous, being renowned for the strong references to it in various tales of Robin Hood.Over the next eighty years there were seven other crusades, all of less importance and remarkableness. Western and Eastern historiographypresent variously different views on the crusades, in large part because 'crusade' invokes dramatically opposed sets of associations - 'crusade' as avaliant struggle for a supreme cause, and 'crusade' as a byword for barbarism and aggression. This contrasting view is not recent since Christianshave in the past struggled with the tension of military activity and teachings of Christ to 'love one's enemies' and to 'turn the other cheek'. For thesereasons, the crusades have been controversial even among contemporaries. Western sources speak of heroism, faith and honor (emphasized inchivalric romance), but also of acts of brutality. Islamic and Orthodox Christian chroniclers tell stories of barbarian savagery and brutality. Likewise,some modern historians in the west express moral outrage - for example Steven Runciman, the leading western historian of the crusades for much ofthe 20th century, ended his history with a resounding condemnation:'High ideals were besmirched by cruelty and greed. The Holy War was nothing more than a long act of intolerance in the name of God.' This long long period of time reached a closing point early in the 14th century. After hundreds of years, the crusades were finished. But eventhough they had cost the deaths of thousands of men and women, great advances were made, as they are in every great war. The Crusades had anenormous influence on the European Middle Ages politics, sciences, and military. At times, much of the continent was united under a powerful Papacy,but by the 14th century, the development of centralized bureaucracies was well on its way in France, England, and several other large regions, partlybecause of the dominance of the church at the beginning of the crusading era. Although Europe had been exposed to Islamic culture for centuriesthrough contacts in Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, much knowledge in areas such as science, medicine, and architecture was transferred from theIslamic to the western world during the crusade era. The military experiences of the crusades also had their effects in Europe; for example, Europeancastles became massive stone structures as they were in the east, rather than smaller wooden buildings as they had typically been in the past. And sothe crusades did indeed have a positive impact on Europe, despite all the sorrows and bloodshed that went hand in hand. And the wars passed away,and a new age began. An age of science and art, and of exploration.References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crusadeshttp://www.medievalcrusades.com/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html. MEDIEVAL II: TOTAL WAR HEAVEN Copyright © 2006-2019 HeavenGames LLC. All Rights Reserved.The graphical images and content enclosed with this document are viewable for private use only. All otherrights - including, but not limited to, distribution, duplication, and publish by any means - are retainedby HeavenGames LLC. Federal law provides criminal and civil penalties for those found to be in violation.In addition, please read our and.MEDIEVAL II: TOTAL WAR © 2006 Creative Assembly. All rights reserved.THIS SITE IS NOT ENDORSED BY THE CREATIVE ASSEMBLY OR SEGA. Contents.Gameplay Similarly to previous titles in the Total War series, Medieval II: Total War consists of two main modes of play: a campaign mode and battles.Campaign The campaign, which is, allows the player to play as one of seventeen factions from the time period and build their nation economically and militarily in order to conquer other factions. Gameplay consists of controlling the faction's military, economic, and social systems in large campaign maps. During the player's turn, armies, fleets, and agents can be moved on the map. When an army engages another army, the player can choose to fight the battle personally in the battle mode, or automatically calculate the outcome.The goal of the campaign depends on which type of campaign is played. The short campaign requires the player to defeat one or two enemy factions and control at least 15 settlements. The long campaign requires the player to control at least 45 territories and one or two significant cities, such as, or.Territorial control in the campaign is represented by 'settlements', which are large, notable communities. Unlike in previous Total War games, there are two different types of settlements:. Cities primarily focus on buildings that boost one's economy, while castles primarily focus on buildings that allow for the recruitment of more advanced types of soldiers. Certain buildings in settlements can also allow the player to recruit agents that fulfill certain functions, like. Under most circumstances, the settlements can be converted from one type to the other. Settlements can be governed by members of the player's family, who are also capable of leading armies as. The talents of family members (and other key characters) are affected by various statistics, like 'Piety' and 'Loyalty', which are in turn impacted by their character traits, personal experiences, and members of their personal retinue. For example, a character with a high 'Command' stat can be expected to do better in battle than a character with a low stat.in the game is divided into three primary faiths:,. Unorganized faiths and sects are also represented. If a large portion of a settlement does not adhere to the, unrest may ensue. And religious buildings can be used to gradually convert members of other faiths to the state religion. Catholic nations must deal with the, who can send special missions to Catholic rulers. Failure to obey the Pope may result in. The Pope may also call against hostile settlements. Muslim with a high 'Piety' stat may similarly declare.Factions primarily interact with each other through. Diplomatic actions include the creation of, the securing of, and the giving or receiving of. Factions may go to war with one another to secure more settlements or other concessions. Factions that are at war can use their armies to fight each other, which incorporates the battle mechanic of the game into the campaign. Medieval Total War 2 Wikipedia DownloadSeveral factions in the campaign are either not present or 'dormant' when the game begins. The will invade at some point after the campaign has begun, often posing a serious threat to factions in their path. Later on, the will also invade, bringing with them. Late in the game, factions may also sail to the, where they can encounter the. A group of English knights attacking French dismounted feudal knights.One of the main focuses on the Total War franchise is its representation of in addition to the turn-based campaign. A battle consists of two or more armies from different factions fighting each other. Battles play similarly to those in, with formations of various kinds of troops engaging in combat. The objective of the battle is to defeat the enemy army by completely destroying it or causing the whole army to flee; in a battle, the objective is to completely destroy the army or to take control of a plaza in the centre of the settlement. There is also an option which allows the player to allow for time limits on battles, meaning that the attacker must defeat the defender within a certain time limit or the battle results in a victory for the defender. Battles can exist as custom battles set up by the player, multiplayer battles between humans, historical battles based on real-life military engagements, or battles that occur between factions in the campaign. Reception ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScore88/100Review scoresPublicationScore9/10B+8.8/10(UK) 8.9/10(US) 8.8/1090%Medieval II: Total War received a 'Gold' sales award from the (ELSPA), indicating sales of at least 200,000 copies in the United Kingdom.Medieval II: Total War received 'generally favorable reviews' according to the website.The exclusive review was given to (US), which gave it an 'Editor's Choice Award'. Said that the game was not as revolutionary as its predecessor, but still introduces some new ideas and builds on others from, which would still be enough for anybody to buy it. Noted the game's 'epic, engrossing gameplay', but also criticised its 'beefy system requirements'. 's Anthony Fordham commended the game for its 'incredible gameplay, both in battle and on the world map.' However, he criticised it for being 'more a refinement of the series than a huge leap forward.' Swedish historian and member of the reviewed the game for Swedish newspaper where he made comparisons to traditional battle depictions such as old and paintings, and the more recent film medium. In the review, Englund concluded that Medieval II represents a form of battle depiction 'amazingly similar to an engraving from the 1600s.' The editors of named Medieval II the eighth-best computer game of 2006. They wrote that 'No scripted encounters or overly dramatic cutscenes can compare with the stories Creative Assembly allows you to write as your armies beat down all who would oppose you.' Ranked the game at #26 on its list of 'The 100 Best Games To Play Today', calling it 'as complete a depiction of war as there has been in a videogame.' Although most reviews were positive, some reviews have noted negative aspects of the game, such as pathfinding bugs, some AI problems and some uninteresting new features. Main article:An expansion, Medieval II: Total War: Kingdoms, was announced on 30 March 2007 and released on 28 August 2007 in the US, 31 August in the UK, 7 September in Australia, and 22 November in Japan. It adds four new campaigns to the game: 'Americas', which focuses on the, 'Britannia', which focuses on several conflicts on the, 'Crusades', which covers the and, and 'Teutonic', which deals with the. Medieval Total War 2 Wikipedia 2In each of the campaigns, a small part of the world (e.g. The British Isles) is taken and enlarged, with many settlements added to it.The Gold Edition of the game, containing the original game and the expansion pack, was released on 1 February 2008; this was later released/renamed on Steam as Medieval II: Total War™ Collection.References. Feral Interactive. Feral Interactive. Retrieved 3 November 2017. ^ Meer, Alec (13 November 2006). Retrieved 26 July 2016. ^ Ocampo, Jason (14 November 2006). Retrieved 26 July 2016. Toose, Dan (6 September 2006). Retrieved 1 April 2019. Toose, Dan (24 July 2006). Retrieved 1 April 2019. ^ Butts, Steve (8 November 2006). Retrieved 27 July 2016. ^. Retrieved 26 July 2016. Ferris, Duke (15 December 2006). Retrieved 26 July 2016. ^ Kosak, Dave (17 November 2006). Retrieved 14 March 2009. ^ 'Medieval II: Total War'.: 28. December 2006. Archived from on 19 March 2009. Caoili, Eric (26 November 2008). Archived from on 18 September 2017. Fordham, Andrew. Medieval Total War 2 Wikipedia Full'Medieval II: Total War'. (159): 54–55. Englund, Peter (24 November 2006). Staff (March 2007). 'The Best (and Worst) of 2006; The 16th Annual Computer Games Awards'. (195): 46–51. Edge staff (9 March 2009). Archived from on 26 September 2012. Retrieved 26 July 2016. Molloy, Sean (January 2007). Retrieved 26 July 2016.External links. atWikiquote has quotations related to. Medieval Ii Total War WikiThere are twenty-two factions in Medieval II: Total War. In the Grand Campaign game seventeen factions are playable. Of these, only England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Venice are available from outset. The other playable factions may be unlocked all at once by winning a campaign (short or long) as one of the five initially available factions. Alternatively, they can be unlocked, one at a time and regardless of whether the campaign is won or not, by conquering all their settlements (including occupied temporary forts) or by killing their entire royal family.
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